Efecto protector del Desmodium molliculum EAM (manayupa) en ratas con toxicidad hepática inducida por naproxeno / Protective effect of Desmodium molliculum EAM (manayupa) in rats with naproxen-induced liver toxicity

Objetivo. Verificar el efecto protector del extracto acuoso de hojas y tallos de Desmodium molliculum EAM (manayupa), en la toxicidad hepática inducida por el naproxeno en ratas Ratus novergicus variedad Wistar albino, hembras. Materiales y métodos. Estudio experimental. Se utilizaron 36 ratas hembras de 250 ± 10 g, divididas en seis grupos de seis: A (control -); B (control + naproxeno); patrón C (silimarina 100 mg / kg) y 3 experimental (EAM): D 80 mg/kg; E 160 mg/kg y F 240 mg/kg). Los grupos B, C, D, E, F recibieron por vía oral naproxeno 27,38 mg, los primeros cinco días y durante 14 días. El efecto protector hepático se determinó mediante el análisis bioquímico: GOT, GPT, GGT, proteínas totales, albúmina sérica, fosfatasa alcalina y creatinina. Resultados. Se encontró que el grupo B perdió peso (180,65 ± 6,5 g), bilirrubina total (0,76 ± 0,4) bilirrubina directa (1.7 ± 0,8), TGO (160 ± 10,4) y TGP (412 ± 20,4) alto, comparado con el grupo A, C, D, E y F. Conclusiones. El EAM tiene efecto protector sobre la toxicidad hepática inducida por naproxeno en ratas, evidenciado por los parámetros bioquímicos.

Objective. To verify the protective effect of the aqueous extract of leaves and stems of Desmodium molliculum EAM (manayupa), on the hepatic toxicity induced by Naproxen in rats Ratus novergicus albino Wistar variety, females. Materials and methods. 36 female rats of 250 ± 10 g were used, divided into six groups of six: A (Control -), B (Control + Naproxen), Pattern C (Silymarin 100 mg / kg) and 3 Experimental (EAM): D 80 mg / kg, E 160 mg / kg and F 240 mg / kg). Groups B, C, D, E, F orally received Naproxen 27.38 mg, the first five days and for 14 days. The hepatic protective effect was determined by the biochemical analysis: GOT, GPT, GGT, total proteins, serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine. Results. group B was found to lose weight (180.65 ± 6.5 g), total bilirubin (0.76 ± 0.4) direct bilirubin (1.7 ± 0.8), TGO (160 ± 10.4) and TGP (412 ± 20.4) high, compared to group A, C, D, E and F. Conclusion. EAM has a protective effect on hepatic toxicity induced by naproxen in rats, evidenced by biochemical parameters.

Acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance in overweight children and adolescents / Acantose nigricans e resistência insulínica em crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso

BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested an association between the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) and the development of diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between AN and insulin resistance (IR) in overweight children and adolescents receiving care at the Center for Childhood Obesity, Campina Grande, PB. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2009 and April 2010 including 194 individuals of 2 to 18 years of age receiving care within the Brazilian national health network. The presence of acanthosis nigricans was verified and anthropometric measurements were taken. The following tests were performed: insulin, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose and homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software program, version 17.0. RESULTS: There was a greater prevalence of females (66%), brown-skinned individuals (63.4%), adolescents (61.3%) and severely obese individuals (66.5%). Acanthosis nigricans was identified in 58.2% and IR in 42.7% of the participants. Acanthosis nigricans was associated with being non-white (p = 0.003), with being an adolescent (p = 0.003) and with IR (p = 0.001). Non-white individuals, adolescents and those with insulin resistance were 5.4, 2.47 and 2.66 times more likely to have acanthosis nigricans, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate a need to train healthcare professionals to identify acanthosis nigricans, since this condition is associated with IR. Identifying acanthosis nigricans in childhood permits the safe and timely treatment of cardiometabolic disorders through careful monitoring and appropriate treatment.

FUNDAMENTOS: Estudos sugerem haver associação entre a presença de Acantose Nigricans e o desenvolvimento do diabetes. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre Acantose Nigricans e Resistência Insulínica (RI) em crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso, atendidos no Centro de Obesidade Infantil, Campina Grande-PB. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado entre abril/2009 a abril/2010, com amostra de 194 pessoas entre 2 e 18 anos, usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Na avaliação, foi observada a presença de AN e verificadas as medidas antropométricas. Foram realizados os exames: insulina, triglicerídeos, HDL-colesterol, glicose e HOMA-IR. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no SPSS, 17.0. RESULTADOS: Houve maior prevalência do sexo feminino (66%), pardos (63,4%), adolescentes (61,3%) e obesos graves (66,5%). Foi identificada AN em 58,2% e RI em 42,7%. A Acantose Nigricans esteve associada à cor não-branca (p=0,003), adolescentes (p=0,003) e RI (p=0,001). Os não-brancos apresentaram chance de 5,4 vezes maior de terem Acantose Nigricans, os adolescentes, de 2,47 e os com Resistência Insulínica, de 2,66. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados na população em estudo indicam a necessidade de treinamento voltado à identificação da Acantose Nigricans para profissionais de saúde, pois este sinal esteve associado à Resistência Insulínica. Identificar a Acantose Nigricans desde a infância permite prevenir e tratar precocemente distúrbios cardiometabólicos, através de acompanhamento criterioso e tratamento adequado.

Evaluación de la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en la detección e identificación de Listeria monocytogenes en queso fresco proveniente del Área Metropolitana de San José, Costa Rica / Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection and identification of Listeria monocytogens in fresh cheese coming from the Metropolitan Area of San José, Costa Rica

Las enfermedades de origen alimentario son muy importantes a nivel mundial y su frecuencia es persistentemente alta a pesar de diversos esfuerzos enfocados en disminuir su morbilidad y mortalidad. Listeria monocytogenes es uno de los agentes causantes de este tipo de enfermedad. Dentro de la industria láctea, esta bacteria es de especial importancia, ya que, tanto la leche cruda como derivados han sido involucrados en brotes, siendo el queso fresco un alimento especialmente vulnerable a la contaminación con esta bacteria. La identificación tradicional de este género es lenta, laboriosa y poco sensible. El método de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) podría permitir el obtener resultados precisos y exactos en menor tiempo, razón por la que el objetivo de este estudio fue el optimizar un procedimiento para la detección de L. monocytogens en queso fresco, así como determinar los límites de sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo de la prueba. Para lograr este objetivo, se evaluaron 76 muestras de queso blanco procesado (45 muestras inoculadas, 31 sin inocular como control negativo). La validación de la técnica fue realizada en 50 muestras de queso fresco no pasteurizado. El aislamiento tradicional de esta bacteria se siguió según la metodología descrita en el Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. La reacción de PCR para la detección de Listeria monocytogenes se basó en la metodología descrita por Poutou usando los iniciadores característicos del género y del gen de la listeriolisina O, específico de especie. Se determinó que el periodo óptimo de incubación para el caldo de enriquecimiento selectivo fue de 48 horas, y se obtuvo un 100% de sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo. La validación de la técnica demostró la especificidad de ésta en cuanto a detectar únicamente la especie L. monocytogenes, no así otras especies que aparecen con relativa frecuencia en matrices y ambientes alimentarios.

Food borne diseases are very important worldwide and their frequency is still high despite the different efforts focused in diminishing their morbidity and mortality. Listeria monocytogenes is one of the agents associated in this kind of diseases. In the lactic industry, this bacteria is important since raw milks as well as dairy products have been associated in outbreaks, being fresh cheese one of the most vulnerable products to the contamination with this bacteria. The traditional identification of the bacteria is done by a laborious, time consuming and low sensitive technique and the polymerase chain reaction may allow more precise and exact results in shorter time. For this reason the objective of the present study was to optimize the procedure to determine the sensitivity and specificity limits for the detection of L. monocytogenes from fresh cheese and the predictive value of the test. In order to achieve this objective, 76 pasteurized cheese samples were evaluated (45 samples were artificially inoculated at the lab and 31 were used as negative controls). The validation of the technique was done in 50 samples of non pasteurized fresh cheese. Traditional culture isolation was performed according to the methodology described in Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. PCR reaction for the detection of L. monocytogenes was based on the methodology described by Poutou,using primers characteristic of the genus and the listeriolisine O gene that is specie’s specific. The optimal incubation period determined for the selective enrichment broth was of 48h, and a 100% sensitivity, specificity, predictive value (positive and negative ) were obtained by PCR. The technique validation showed the specificity of the test in the detection of only the L. monocytogenes species, and not other genus or species that may appear in food matrixes or in food environments.